Modernization of Zakat and Waqf Management through Digital Transformation in Indonesia: An Analysis of Developments and Challenges

Abstract

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the digital transformation of zakat and waqf in Indonesia during 2021–2026, focusing on technological trends, transparency, and regulatory challenges. Research Methods: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Data were obtained from Scopus, resulting in 10 eligible articles for systematic analysis. Finding/Results: The findings show that blockchain, artificial intelligence, and fintech improve transparency, accountability, efficiency, and distribution reach. E-waqf and Sharia crowdfunding also support financial inclusion and strengthen legal certainty. However, digital transformation remains constrained by low digital literacy, unequal infrastructure, and regulatory gaps, particularly in Law No. 23 of 2011. Conclusion: Digitalization is essential for strengthening Islamic philanthropy and supporting measurable poverty alleviation. Adaptive regulations and stronger human resource capacity are needed to establish an inclusive and sustainable digital ecosystem.