Ethical AI in Islamic Education: ChatGPT's Disruption to the Authority of Knowledge and the Future of Children's Education in the Perspective of the Book of Idhotun Nasyi'in

Abstrak

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, has significantly transformed the educational landscape by changing how students access information and complete academic tasks. While AI offers various benefits, including personalized learning, improved educational efficiency, broader access to knowledge, and support for teachers in instructional planning, its increasing use has also generated concerns regarding the degradation of educational values and the shifting authority of knowledge from teachers to technology. This study aims to analyze the impact of ChatGPT on educational practices and knowledge authority from the perspective of Idhotun Nasyi’in by Shaykh Musthafa al-Ghalayini. Employing a qualitative library research approach, this study examines classical Islamic educational thought alongside contemporary literature on artificial intelligence, digital education, and educational ethics. The findings reveal that ChatGPT functions as a neutral technological instrument whose effects depend on the ethical orientation of its users. On the one hand, it can facilitate learning, increase efficiency, and support educational innovation. On the other hand, excessive dependence on AI may weaken critical thinking skills, academic integrity, intellectual independence, and the moral formation of students. From the perspective of Idhotun Nasyi’in, education is fundamentally a process of character building, moral cultivation, and spiritual development rather than merely acquiring information or achieving academic scores. The study further highlights a contemporary crisis of knowledge authority, where students increasingly rely on algorithmic systems instead of teachers as guides of knowledge and character. Therefore, AI should be positioned as a supporting educational tool (wasilah) rather than a substitute for teachers. Strengthening digital literacy, ethical awareness, critical verification (tabayyun), and the central role of educators is essential to ensure that technological advancement contributes positively to educational development while preserving moral and intellectual integrity.